Causes of PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it’s thought to be related to abnormal hormone levels and is often associated with insulin resistance.

The NHS states that it often runs in families, which suggests that genetics may have a role to play. Recent research has shown that PCOS is also associated with inflammation and the gut microbiome.

Although the exact cause is unknown, key factors contributing to PCOS include:

• Hormonal imbalance: many women with PCOS have an imbalance in certain hormones that control the menstrual cycle, such as raised levels of testosterone or high luteinising hormone levels. 
• Insulin resistance: this means the body’s tissues are resistant to the effects of insulin and therefore, the body overproduces insulin to compensate. As a result, the ovaries produce additional androgens, such as testosterone. 
• Genetics: PCOS can run in families; however, specific genetic links have not been identified.  
• Poor diet or other lifestyle choices: consuming high-sugar or high-fat diets can lead to higher insulin levels, which can lead to the ovaries producing more testosterone than needed.

All of these factors are important when considering PCOS, but it remains unclear what the exact cause is.